As an institutional innovation platform for deepening industry-education integration, the scientific governance model of modern industrial colleges directly determines the alignment efficiency between talent cultivation and industrial demands. This study systematically traces the evolutionary trajectory of China’s modern industrial college governance models through the trident spiral synergy theory and stakeholder theory, categorizing them into three phases: resource-sharing, co-development, and industry-led. Through case analysis of nine representative institutions, the study identifies three governance paradigms—teaching-point oriented, enterprise-oriented, and hybrid—each characterized by distinct features. An evaluation system is established with four secondary indicators (governance responsibility, governance structure, governance mechanism, and governance effectiveness) and twelve tertiary indicators. Using enhanced fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and entropy value methods for indicator weighting, the results reveal governance responsibility (34.91%), governance effectiveness (25.757%), and governance mechanism (25.681%) as core dimensions. Finally, four optimization pathways are proposed across resource integration, decision-making enhancement, efficiency improvement, and accountability reinforcement to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for high-quality development of modern industrial colleges.

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