Engineering education in Kenya started in the 1950s. The curricula offered were Civil, Electrical and Mechanical Engineering. Later, other disciplines were introduced, including: Agricultural/Bio-systems, Chemical, Mechatronics, Marine, Mining, Petroleum, software, Aerospace, Aeronautical, Geomatic, Medical and Textile Engineering. From the 2000's onwards, Kenya experienced a steep rise in the number of universities offering engineering programmes. However, the requisite growth of the human resource and infrastructure did not match that growth. For purposes of maintaining quality and regulating engineering practice in Kenya, The Engineers Board of Kenya (EBK) was established. The Engineers Act 2012 gives EBK the mandate to register engineers and engineering consulting firms, regulate engineering professional services, accredit engineering degree programmes, set standards and develop the general practice of engineering. It was also mandated to evaluate for purposes of recognizing equivalent engineering degrees obtained from foreign jurisdictions, so that holders of such degrees may be licensed to practice in Kenya. On the other hand, the Commission for University Education (CUE) was established and mandated to accredit all degree programmes, including engineering. The expansion of university education created the following challenges: low staffing levels, inadequate infrastructure, limitations in curricula content, little financial support for research and innovation, limited university-industry opportunities and low subscription into postgraduate programmes. In order to graduate engineers who meet the industry needs stakeholders have taken a number of measures. The university are deliberately involving the industry in the development of the curriculum. However, due to the long review circle, this is not addressing the relevance fully. Other measures being undertaken to have engineers' training address industry needs are: providing internship placement for academic staff, nurturing meaningful university industry linkages, development of new programmes in emerging areas and encouraging innovation and entrepreneurship through establishing innovation centres at the universities. All the mitigation measures are still facing huge challenges.

1. University of Nairobi. Accessed January 11, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Nairobi

2. Accredited engineering programmes. https://ebk.go.ke/accredited-engineering-programs-in-kenya/. Accessed January 11, 2024

3. Tracer study on destination of engineering graduates from public and private universities in kenya. A Study Contracted by Ministry of Education, State Department of University Education and Research and funded by The Africa Development Bank. Accessed January 11, 2024. https://geospatial.uonbi.ac.ke/latest-news/tracer-study-report.

4. Laws of Kenya. The Engineers Registration Act (Chapter 530). Published by the National Council for Law Reporting, with the Authority of the Attorney General. Accessed January 11, 2024. http://kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/EngineersRegistrationActCap530.pdf

5. Laws of Kenya, engineers act no. 43 of 2011. Revised Edition 2012 [2011]. Published by the National Council for Law Reporting, with the Authority of the Attorney-General. www.kenyalaw.org. https://www.ebk.go.ke/resource/engineers-act-43-of-2011. Accessed January 11, 2024.

6. List of approved foreign engineering programmes by EBK. https://ebk.go.ke/resource/approved-foreign-engineering-programmes/?tk=1696708972. Accessed January 11, 2024.

7. Laws of Kenya. Universities act chapter 210B. Revised Edition 2012 [1986]. Published by the National Council for Law Reporting with the Authority of the Attorney-General. www.kenyalaw.org. http://kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/UniversitiesAct_Cap210B.pdf. Accessed January 11, 2024

8. The universities act No. 42 of 2012. Revised Edition 2020 [2012]. Accessed January 11, 2024. Published by the National Council for Law Reporting with the Authority of the Attorney-General. www.kenyalaw.org.

9. UNIVERSITIES_STANDARDS_AND_GUIDELINES_June_2014. Commission for University Education - University Standards & Guidelines - CUE Regulations & Standards for University Education. Accessed January 11, 2024. https://www.cue.or.ke/index.php?option=com_phocadownload&view=category&id=20:cue-regulations-standards-for-university-education&Itemid=494.

10. African Socialism and its Application to Planning in Kenya. African Socialism and its Application to Planning in Kenya.pdf (spu.ac.ke). https://repository.spu.ac.ke/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/3573/African%20Socialism%20and%20its%20Application%20to%20Planning%20in%20Kenya.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. Accessed January 11, 2024.

11. Ministry of Education. Republic of Kenya. A Policy Framework for Education. Aligning Education and Training to the Constitution of Kenya (2010) and Kenya Vision 2030 and beyond. April 2012. Accessed January 11, 2024. https://www.knqa.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Policy-Framework-For-Education-Paper-Kenya-School-Libraries.pdf

12. The Ministry of Information, Communications and the Digital Economy. Government Officially Rolls out the Digital Literacy Programme in Schools, 2016. https://ict.go.ke/government-starts-distribution-of-1–2-digischool-devices-to-over-22–000-public-primary-schools/. Accessed January 11, 2024.

13. WFEO National and Affiliate members. https://www.wfeo.org/nationals/. Accessed January 11, 2024.

14. List of Approved Eastern and Southern Africa Higher Education Centers Of Excellence. Accessed January 11, 2024. https://ace2.iucea.org/.

15. Disbursement/winning of a grant from the African Development Bank (AfDB) of KShs 39 million shillings to train lecturers at postgraduate level at Egerton University. Accessed January 11, 2024. https://nation.africa/kenya/news/education/sh39m-afdb-programme-to-train-engineering-lecturers-3494264.

16. African Development Fund Country: Kenya Support to The Enhancement of Quality and Relevance in Higher Education, Science and Technology Project. Project Appraisal Report – October 2012. Accessed January 11, 2024. https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/Kenya%20-%20Support%20to%20the%20Enhancement%20of%20Quality%20and%20Relevance%20in%20Higher%20Education%20Science%20and%20Technology%20Project%20-%20Appraisal%20Report.pdf

17. Master's and PhD scholarships tenable at JKUAT and sponsored by Kenya Government and AfDB. Accessed January 11, 2024. https://jkuat.ac.ke/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/African-Development-Bank-Post-Graduate-Scholarship.pdf

18. Mobility to Enhance Training of Engineering Graduates in Africa (METEGA). Accessed January 11, 2024. http://econsortprd.ugent.be/index.asp?p=2585&a=2286.

19. The Mobility for Innovative Renewable Energy Technologies. Accessed January 11, 2024. https://miret.mu.ac.ke/index.php/fr/miret-media/news-events/97-launch-of-miret-project.

20. Transforming Energy Access – Learning Partnership. Accessed January 11, 2024. https://engineering.mu.ac.ke/index.php/projects/tea-lp-project

21. Higher Education Partnerships in sub-Saharan Africa (HEP SSA). Accessed January 11, 2024. https://raeng.org.uk/hepssa.

22. PTRE Incubation centre. Accessed January 11, 2024. https://ptre-ic.mu.ac.ke/index.php/about/ptre-ic.

23. Kenyatta University. Chandaria Business Innovation Incubation Centre. Accessed January 11, 2024. https://www.ku.ac.ke/iiuil/chandaria-business-innovation-incubation-centre

24. MKU Innovation and Incubation Centre. Accessed January 11, 2024. https://www.mku.ac.ke/mku-officially-launch-innovation-and-incubation-center/

25. IIEC- Meru University of Science and Technology Innovation, Incubation and Entrepreneurship Centre. Accessed January 11, 2024. https://www.must.ac.ke/iiec/