Gaming disorder (GD) is a mental disorder characterized by impaired control over gaming behaviors and the continuation of gaming despite negative consequences, resulting in functional impairments in important areas of life. Based on a growing body of scientific evidence demonstrating its neurobiological similarities to substance use disorders, GD is listed in the latest 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases as a behavioral addiction. Therefore, this review aims to understand the neurobiological underpinnings of GD by reviewing current literature on structural and functional changes in the brain. It is suggested that prolonged and excessive gaming may lead to alterations in the structure or function of the brain reward circuit and fronto-striatal circuit, affecting both reward processing and cognitive control. Changes in brain areas involved in executive function have been observed, indicating that GD is associated with reduced response inhibition and impaired decision-making. Furthermore, brain regions associated with craving exhibit heightened activity in response to gaming stimuli. This review highlights the significance of conducting further research to uncover the underlying mechanisms of GD and to develop effective interventions for its prevention and treatment.

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